. 2023 Oct 26;11(6):e01126. doi: 10.1002/prp2.1126

TABLE 4.

Baseline nonselective beta‐blocker concentration and time to first fall.

	N	Model 1 ^c HR (95%CI)	p‐value	N	Model 2 ^d HR (95%CI)	p‐value
Continuous concentration
Nonselective beta‐blocker ^a	179	0.936 (0.76–1.15)	.523
Timolol	70	1.006 (0.69–1.47)	.974	54	1.075 (0.71–1.62)	.729
Sotalol	73	1.000 (0.99–1.00)	.948
Concentration divided on median ^b
Nonselective beta‐blocker ^a	179	0.953 (0.65–1.40)	.809
Timolol	70	1.131 (0.61–2.08)	.692	54	1.247 (0.63–2.48)	.530
Sotalol	73	1.042 (0.56–1.95)	.896
Concentrations are divided into four quartiles
Nonselective beta‐blocker ^a	179			138
First quartile		Ref.			Ref.
Second quartile		1.020 (0.60–1.73)	.941		1.183 (0.64–2.19)	.593
Third quartile		1.319 (0.80–2.17)	.278		1.413 (0.80–2.49)	.233
Fourth quartile		0.725 (0.41–1.29)	.275		0.779 (0.40–1.50)	.455
Timolol	70
First quartile		Ref.
Second quartile		0.904 (0.37–2.23)	.827
Third quartile		1.616 (0.69–3.80)	.271
Fourth quartile		0.996 (0.38–2.62)	.994
Sotalol	73
First quartile		Ref.
Second quartile		1.398 (0.45–4.31)	.560
Third quartile		1.384 (0.45–4.22)	.568
Fourth quartile		0.793 (0.24–2.58)	.700

Note: Data presented as hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Nonselective beta‐blockers: timolol, sotalol, propranolol, carvedilol.

Abbreviations: N, number of analyzed plasma concentrations; CI, confidence interval.

^{^a}

Number of events model: nonselective beta‐blockers = 104; timolol = 43; sotalol = 44. Number of events model 2: timolol = 35; nonselective beta‐blockers = 85. A systemic timolol concentration was measured in 45% of our timolol users.

^{^b}

Median timolol: 0.0145 ng/mL. Median sotalol: 704.00 ng/mL.

^{^c}

Model 1 was adjusted for age and gender.

^{^d}

Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, and: timolol continue and median: cardiovascular (CV) disease; nonselective beta‐blockers quartiles: CV disease. No model 2 was constructed for nonselective beta‐blockers and sotalol continuous and median concentrations or for timolol and sotalol quartiles because either none of the variables changed the outcome more than 10%, or the number of events was too low to add covariates to the model.