Table 2.

LitCog patient and caregiver measures

Variable	Instrument(s) or measure(s)	Data source
		Patient		Caregiver
		Interview	EHR	Interview
Health literacy and self-management skills
Health literacy	Test of Function Health Literacy in Adults, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Newest Vital Sign, Brief Health Literacy Screen	■		■
Self-management skills	Comprehensive Health Activities Scale	■		■
Cognitive function
Processing speed	Digit Comparison, Pattern Comparison, Symbol Digit	■		■
Working memory	Size Judgement Span, Spatial Working Memory, Spatial Span	■		■
Inductive reasoning	Ravens Progressive Matrices, Educational Testing Service Letter Sets, Stockings of Cambridge	■		■
Long-term memory	New York Paragraph, Verbal Recognition – Immediate and Delayed	■		■
Verbal abilities	American National Adult Reading Test, Shipley Institute of Living Scale, Graded Naming Test	■		■
Global cognitive function	Mini-Mental State Examination, Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status	■		■
Health outcomes: health status, clinical outcomes
Physical health	Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Service (PROMIS) Physical Function	■		■
Mental health	PROMIS Anxiety and Depression short forms	■		■
Chronic conditions	Self-reported chronic conditions, ICD-10 codes	■	■	■
Chronic disease outcomes	Haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, glomerular filtration rate		■
Mortality	National Death Index		■
Self-care regimen complexity
Regimen complexity	Number of Medications, Healthcare Task Difficulty, Treatment Burden Questionnaire; Medication Regimen Complexity Index	■	■	■
Psychological factors
Patient activation	Consumer Health Activation Index	■		■
Personality	NEO Five Factor Inventory-3	■
Behavioural factors
Medication adherence	Adherence Stars With Knowledge	■
Clinical preventive services	Colon and breast cancer screening, vaccinations	■
Protective health behaviours	Berkeley fat and fruit/vegetable intake	■
Health risk behaviours	BRFSS smoking and drinking	■
Technological factors
Technology use	Health Information Trends Survey Pew Research Center Survey, Portal Use	■		■
Social support and caregiver factors
Social support	Lubben Social Network Scale, Tangible Support	■
Caregiver burden	Caregiver Burden Inventory			■
Self-efficacy	Caregiver Inventory			■
Nature and intensity of care provided	Relationship to patient, hours of care provided, duration of caregiving responsibilities, nature of assistance provided (disability-related, health system logistics, health management)			■
Socio-demographics
Socio-demographics	Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, housing, employment, insurance	■		■

BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; EHR, Electronic Health Record; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10); LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; NEO, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness.