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ROS production and scavenging systems. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, cannot scavenge ∙OH and ONOO−, which are potent oxidants. In contrast, H2 selectively scavenges ∙OH and ONOO−, converting them to water. ROS: reactive oxygen species; ∙OH: hydroxyl radicals; ONOO−: peroxynitrite.
