Figure 5.

H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 impairs angiogenesis of PVEC in vitro. (a) Proliferation assays of IPEC-J2 treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. n = 6. (b,c) The ROS level in IPEC-J2 treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 48 h. bar = 75 μm, n = 6. (d,e) VEGF-A immunofluorescence staining in IPEC-J2 treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 48 h. DAPI staining for the nucleus. Bar = 200 μm, n = 6. Conditioned media from H₂O₂-treated IPEC-J2 were collected to perform PVEC tube formation (f,g) and wound healing assays (h,i). bar = 75 μm, n = 6. Values are described as mean ± SEM. The difference between the two groups was analyzed using the Student’s t-test. * indicates p < 0.05. All experiments were performed in triplicate.