Table 1.

Natural sources of the major tylophorine-based alkaloids.

	Species/Plant Part	Family	Ref.
Tylophorine	Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr./leaves and root	Asclepidaceae	[31]
	Tylophora crebriflora S.T. Blake/whole plant	Asclepidaceae	[37]
	Tylophora tanakae Maxim. Ex Franch. & Sav./leaves	Asclepidaceae	[38]
	Tylophora mollissima Wt./whole plant	Asclepidaceae	[39]
Tylophorinine	Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr./leaves and root	Asclepidaceae	[31]
	Tylophora atrofolliculata Wt./whole plant	Asclepidaceae	[40]
	Tylophora mollissima Wt./whole plant	Asclepidaceae	[39]
Tylophorinidine	Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr./leaves and root	Asclepidaceae	[31]
Tylocrebrine	Tylophora crebriflora S.T. Blake/whole plant	Asclepidaceae	[37]
Antofine	Ficus septica Burm. F./stems	Moraceae	[41]
	Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski/aerial parts	Asclepidaceae	[42]
Cryptopleurine	Boehmeria caudata (L.) Sw./stem wood with bark	Urticaceae	[43]
	Cryptocarya laevigata Blume/stem bark	Lauraceae	[43]