Table 2.
Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents with breakpoints listed in CLSI M45-third edition.
| Antimicrobial Agents/ Gemella spp. |
MIC (μg/mL) | Interpretive Breakpoint (μg/mL) a
or % of Isolates |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | Susceptible | Intermediate | Resistant | |
| Penicillin G c | ≤0.06–>4 | ≤0.12 | 0.25–2 | ≥4 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GH group | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06–0.25 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 92.3 | 7.7 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.06 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.06–0.25 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 98.3 | 1.7 | 0.0 |
| Ampicillin | ≤0.12–>4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.12–0.25 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | NA b | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.12–0.5 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.12–0.5 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | ≤0.25/0.12–>4/2 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.25/0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.25/0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | ≤0.25/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sulbactam–ampicillin | ≤0.06/0.12–>2/4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06/0.12–0.25/0.5 | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.06/0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06/0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.06/0.12–0.25/0.5 | ≤0.06/0.12 | ≤0.06/0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Cefazolin | ≤0.25–>2 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.25–0.5 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| G emellataiwanensis | ≤0.25–0.5 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.25 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.25 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.25–0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Cefdinir | ≤0.25–>1 | |||||
| G emella morbillorum | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gememlla sanguinis | ≤0.25–0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.25 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.25–0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ceftriaxone c | ≤0.06–>2 | ≤1 | 2 | ≥4 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06–0.5 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GH group | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | 0.25–1 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Total | ≤0.06–1 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Cefotaxime c | ≤0.06–>2 | ≤1 | 2 | ≥4 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06–0.12 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GH group | ≤0.06–0.12 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06–0.12 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | 0.25–1 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.06–1 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.06–>2 | |||||
| G emella morbillorum | ≤0.06–0.5 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.06–0.12 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06–0.12 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | 0.25–1 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.06–1 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | NA | NA | NA |
| Imipenem | ≤0.06–>4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.06 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | NA | NA | NA |
| Meropenem c | ≤0.06–>2 | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GH group | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.06 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.06 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Erythromycin c | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≥1 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 72.7 | 0.0 | 27.3 |
| GH group | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 61.1 | 5.6 | 33.3 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 53.8 | 0.0 | 46.2 |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.25–1 | – | – | 66.7 | 0.0 | 33.3 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.25 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 65.5 | 1.7 | 32.8 |
| Clarithromycin | ≤0.12–>16 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.12–>16 | ≤0.12 | >16 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.12–16 | ≤0.12 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.12–8 | ≤0.12 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.12–0.25 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.12 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.12–>16 | ≤0.12 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Azithromycin | ≤0.12–>4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.12–>4 | ≤0.12 | >4 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.12–>4 | ≤0.12 | >4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.12–>4 | 0.25 | >4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | 0.25–4 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | 0.25 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.12–>4 | ≤0.12 | >4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Clindamycin c | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≥1 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 72.7 | 0.0 | 27.3 |
| GH group | ≤0.25–1 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 77.8 | 16.7 | 5.6 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.25 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.25 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤0.25 | >2 | 82.8 | 5.2 | 12.1 |
| Erythromycin/clindamycin | ≤1/0.5–>1/0.5 | |||||
| G. morbillorum | ≤1/0.5–>1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | >1/0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤1/0.5–>1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| G. taiwanensis | ≤1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| G. sanguinis | ≤1/0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤1/0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤1/0.5–>1/0.5 | ≤1/0.5 | >1/0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Levofloxacin c | ≤0.004–>128 | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ||
| Gemella morbillorum | 0.03–>128 | 0.25 | 1 | 90.9 | 0.0 | 9.1 |
| GH group | 0.125–>128 | 1 | >128 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | 0.125–>128 | >128 | >128 | 38.5 | 0.0 | 61.5 |
| Gemella sanguinis | 0.5–>128 | – | – | 33.3 | 0.0 | 66.7 |
| Gemella bergeri | 0.5 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 0.03–>128 | 0.5 | >128 | 63.8 | 0.0 | 36.2 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.5–>2 | |||||
| G emella morbillorum | ≤0.5–>2 | ≤0.5 | >2 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.5–>2 | ≤0.5 | >2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.5–>2 | >2 | >2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.5–>2 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.5–>2 | ≤0.5 | >2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Minocycline | ≤1–>8 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤1–>8 | ≤1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤1–8 | ≤1 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤1–8 | ≤1 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤1 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤1 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤1 | ≤1 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sulfamethoxazole– trimethoprim |
≤9.5/0.5–>38/2 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤9.5/0.5–>38/2 | 19/1 | >38/2 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤9.5/0.5–>38/2 | 38/2 | >38/2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤9.5/0.5–>38/2 | 19/1 | 19/1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | 19/1–>38/2 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤9.5/0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤9.5/0.5–>38/2 | 19/1 | >38/2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gentamicin | ≤1–>8 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤1–8 | 2 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤1–2 | ≤1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤1–4 | 2 | 4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤1–8 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | 2, 4 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤1–8 | 2 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gentamicin 500 | ≤500–>500 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤500 | ≤500 | ≤500 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤500 | ≤500 | ≤500 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤500 | ≤500 | ≤500 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤500 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤500 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤500 | ≤500 | ≤500 | NA | NA | NA |
| Arbekacin | ≤1–>8 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤1–8 | 8 | >8 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤1–8 | 4 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | 2–>8 | 4 | 8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | 4–>8 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | 4, >8 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤1–8 | 4 | >8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Fosfomycin | ≤16–>128 | |||||
| G emella morbillorum | ≤16–32 | ≤16 | ≤16 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤16 | ≤16 | ≤16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤16 | ≤16 | ≤16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemalla sanguinis | ≤16 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤16 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤16–32 | ≤16 | ≤16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Rifampicin | ≤0.5–>2 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Total | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Vancomycin c | ≤0.25–>2 | ≤1 | ||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| GH group | ≤0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.25–0.5 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Gemella bergeri | 0.5 | – | – | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | ≤0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Teicoplanin | ≤0.5–>16 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.5 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Linezolid | ≤0.5–>4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.5–1 | ≤0.5 | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | ≤0.5–1 | ≤0.5 | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | ≤0.5–1 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | ≤0.5, 2 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Daptomycin | ≤0.25–>4 | |||||
| Gemella morbillorum | ≤0.25–4 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| GH group | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella taiwanensis | ≤0.25–2 | 1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella sanguinis | 1–4 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Gemella bergeri | 2, 4 | – | – | NA | NA | NA |
| Total | ≤0.25–4 | 1 | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
a Interpretive breakpoints are shown in bold for each antibiotic. b NA, not applicable (breakpoints not established). c Antimicrobial agents with breakpoints listed in CLSI M45-third edition.