Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the subjects.
| BMI < 25 | p | BMI ≥ 25 | p | PCOS (n = 44) |
Control (n = 45) |
p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCOS (n = 19) |
Controls (n = 22) |
PCOS (n = 25) |
Controls (n = 23) |
||||||||
| Age, years | 27 (24–30) |
27 (25–29) |
0.981 | 27 (22.5–30.5) |
30 (28–30.5) |
0.062 | 28 (24–31) |
26 (26–30) |
0.898 | ||
| BMI | 21.9 (20–23.8) |
21.5 (20–22.5) |
0.231 | 33.9 (28.2–37.9) |
28.7 (27.3–33.1) |
0.065 | 25.3 (21.7–32.5) |
26 (21.6–28.7) |
0.407 | ||
| Average duration of MC, days | 30 (28–37) |
28 (28–29) |
0.007 | 30 (28–50) |
28 (28–29) |
0.007 | 55 (32–90) |
28 (28–29) |
<0.001 | ||
| Dieting before inclusion in the study | 0% | 0% | 48% | 0% | 0.001 | ||||||
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.7 (4.5–5.1) |
4.9 (4.6–5.1) |
0.690 | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) |
5.3 (5.0–5.5) |
0.037 | 4.8 (4.5–5.2) |
5.0 (4.8–5.3) |
0.020 | ||
| Insulin, μIU/mL | 7.0 (4.3–8.7) |
6.4 (4.8–8.8) |
0.888 | 18.2 (12.4–23.7) |
9.5 (6.7–17.0) |
0.001 | 9.4 (6.4–18.6) |
8.0 (5.9–10.6) |
0.042 | ||
| Leptin, ng/mL | 18.4 (11.3–35.6) |
16.3 (9.3–48.7) |
0.606 | 40.2 (30–89.7) |
37.6 (25.2–48.8) |
0.318 | 31.5 (13.3–47) |
26 (9.4–44.7) |
0.341 | ||
| HOMA-IR index | 1.4 (1–1.8) |
1.4 (0.9–2) |
0.925 | 4.3 (2.7–5.4) |
2.1 (1.5–3.8) |
0.003 | 2.1 (1.4–4.3) |
1.8 (1.3–2.3) |
0.117 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/d | 4.9 (4.3–5.4) |
4.2 (0.6–4.9) |
0.003 | 4.4 (3.8–5.3) |
4.7 (4.3–5.1) |
0.606 | 4.8 (4.2–5.3) |
4.4 (3.7–5) |
0.009 | ||
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 2.9 (2.7–3.4) |
2.5 (1.7–2.9) |
0.008 | 2.9 (2.1–3.6) |
2.8 (2.5–3.1) |
0.818 | 2.9 (2.2–3.3) |
2.6 (2.2–3) |
0.099 | ||
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) |
1.3 (0.3–1.6) |
0.046 | 1.1 (1–1.4) |
1.4 (1.1–1.5) |
0.114 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
1.4 (1.1–1.6) |
0.365 | ||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 0.62 (0.6–0.8) |
0.70 (0.4–1.3) |
0.324 | 1.0 (0.9–1.4) |
0.86 (0.6–1.2) |
0.065 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
0.7 (0.6–1.1) |
0.146 | ||
| FSH, mIU/mL | 6.0 (5.0–6.9) |
6.7 (5.8–8.1) |
0.058 | 4.8 (4.4–5.7) |
6.5 (5.6–7.7) |
<0.001 | 6.3 (5.2–7.1) |
6.7 (5.8–8.4) |
0.020 | ||
| LH, mIU/mL | 11.1 (6.7–14.6) |
5.9 (4.8–7.3) |
<0.001 | 7.4 (6.6–12.1) |
6.3 (4.6–7.6) |
0.050 | 9.6 (6.5–12.9) |
6.2 (4.7–7.8) |
<0.001 | ||
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 1.5 (1.2–2.1) |
0.8 (0.7–1.2) |
<0.001 | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) |
1.1 (0.7–1.3) |
<0.001 | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) |
0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
<0.001 | ||
| Androstenedion, ng/mL | 3.0 (2.3–4.9) |
2.1 (1.3–2.7) |
0.005 | 3.5 (2.2–4.6) |
2.2 (1.8–3.4) |
0.018 | 3.4 (2.7–5.0) |
2.2 (1.7–2.9) |
<0.001 | ||
| SHBG, nmol/L | 57.0 (40.6–80.1) |
82.4 (55.9–102.4) |
0.062 | 26.7 (15.9–41.8) |
59.0 (40.3–78.4) |
0.001 | 46.9 (29.7–75) |
67.5 (51.4–95.4) |
<0.001 | ||
| FAI, % | 2.8 (1.8–3.8) |
1.0 (0.9–1.4) |
0.003 | 5.0 (3.4–9.5) |
1.7 (1.4–2.9) |
<0.001 | 3.3 (1.9–5.5) |
1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
<0.001 | ||
BMI—Body mass index, FAI—free androgen index, FBG—fasting blood glucose, FSH—follicle-stimulating hormone, HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR index—homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LH—luteinizing hormone, MC—menstrual cycle, PCOS—polycystic ovary syndrome, SHBG—sex-hormone-binding globulin.