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. 2023 Oct 12;12(10):1850. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101850

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Effects of fermented kale juice on mRNA expression of iNOS (A), COX-2 (B), IL-6 (C), IL-1β (D), and IL-10 (E) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL of fermented kale juice powder with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Dimethylsulfoxide was used as a vehicle. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 were determined by real-time PCR. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PKJ, pasteurized kale juice before fermentation. KJ-EFEL6901, KJ-EFEL6800, KJ-MG7011, and KJ-EFEL2061 corresponded to the kale juices fermented at 37 °C for 72 h with Limosilactobacillus reuteri EFEL6901, L. fermentum EFEL6800, L. fermentum MG7011, and Leuconostoc citreum EFEL2061, respectively. Data are the mean ± SD (n = 3). The statistical analysis was performed using the independent t-test compared with 6 μg/mL of PKJ (# p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01) or 12.5 μg/mL of PKJ (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).