Table 9.

The DNA-protective activity of different concentrations of YY and CCP EO against DNA damage induced by CCl₄ in kidneys of albino Wistar rats.

Groups	Comet Types a					Total Comet Score (TCS)	%R b
	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4
I	78.2 ± 0.6 c	21.8 ± 0.54	NO d	NO	NO	21.8 ± 0.52 †	NA e
II	20.6 ± 0.72	38.3 ± 0.81	27.2 ± 0.11	9.6 ± 0.24	4.3 ± 0.83	138.7 ± 0.42 *	NA
III	54.5 ± 0.25	36.4 ± 0.54	9.1 ± 0.32	NO	NO	54.6 ± 0.6 *†	71.9
IV	64.1 ± 0.8	29.3 ± 0.68	6.6 ± 0.51	NO	NO	42.5 ± 0.21 *†	82.3
V	67.5 ± 1.24	28.2 ± 0.62	4.3 ± 0.21	NO	NO	36.8 ± 0.38 *†	87.2
VI	62.3 ± 0.25	31.5 ± 0.71	6.2 ± 0.34	NO	NO	43.9 ± 0.51 *†	81.1
VII	75.1 ± 0.12	18.3 ± 0.36	4.5 ± 0.50	2.1 ± 0.24	NO	33.6 ± 0.12 *†	89.9
VIII	71.5 ± 0.9	28.5 ± 0.40	NO	NO	NO	28.5 ± 0.31 †	94.4

^a Comet types defined as T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ (no or very low damage, low, medium, and long DNA migration, and the highest level of DNA damage, respectively); ^b %R, percentage reduction of DNA damage; ^c Values represented mean ± SEM from three independent experiments; n = 5 rats per group; ^d Not observed; ^e Not available; I—Negative control, 1 mL/kg bwt olive oil, i.p.; II—Positive control, 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, 1:1 mixture in olive oil, i.p.; III—1 mg/kg bwt of YY EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; IV—200 mg/kg bwt of YY EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; V—400 mg/kg bwt of YY EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; VI—1 mg/kg bwt of CCP EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; VII—200 mg/kg bwt of CCP EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; VIII—400 mg/kg bwt of CCP EO + 1 mL/kg bwt of CCl₄, i.p.; * p < 0.05 when compared with the negative control group; ^† p < 0.05 when compared with the positive control group.