Table 1.
(a) Distribution of periodontal parameters, N = 248. (b) General characteristics of Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes by periodontal status, N = 248.
| (a) | |||
| Outcome |
Tertile
n (%) Mean ± SD (range) % |
||
| Percent of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm | Low | Medium/High | |
| 93 (37%) 0% |
155 (63%) 9.5 ± 12.0 (0.9–67.8)% |
||
| Percent of sites with CAL ≥ 4 mm | 84 (34%) 0.4 ± 0.5 (0–1.4)% |
164 (66%) 14.7 ± 16.0 (1.41–82.1)% |
|
| (b) | |||
| Characteristic |
Low Tertile PD
N = 93 (37%) |
Medium/High Tertile PD
N = 155 (63%) |
|
|
Mean ± SD, Median
(q1, q3), N (%) |
Mean ± SD, Median
(q1, q3), N (%) |
p -Value | |
| Age (yr.) | 54.6 ± 5.8 | 54.3 ± 6.2 | 0.721 |
| Male gender | 30 (32.3) | 78 (50.3) | 0.005 |
| Education (≤12 yrs.) | 24 (25.8) | 64 (41.3) | 0.014 |
| Smoking status | 0.114 | ||
| Never | 67 (72.0) | 93 (60.0) | |
| Former | 16 (17.2) | 44 (28.4) | |
| Current | 10 (10.8) | 18 (11.6) | |
| Alcohol drinking (Current) † | 37 (39.8) | 68 (44.7) | 0.447 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 64 (68.8) | 101 (65.2) | 0.555 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.2 ± 12.1 | 35.1 ± 9.9 | 0.94 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 8.3 ± 2.0 | 0.024 |
| HdL-C (mg/dL) ‡ | 49.2 ± 13.3 | 46.5 ± 13.0 | 0.108 |
| Diabetes duration (yrs.) † | 9.6 ± 6.5 | 11.4 ± 8.5 | 0.077 |
| LLA current users (yes) § | 52 (55.9) | 79 (51.0) | 0.45 |
| LLA duration of use (yrs.) § | 0.5 (0, 3.7) | 0.05 (0,5) | 0.374 |
| Anti-inflammatory agents (yes) † | 9 (9.7) | 8 (5.2) | 0.173 |
| Mean Plaque index † | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.025 |
| Tooth brushing (≥ twice/day) | 17(17.9) | 27 (17.7) | 0.9 |
| Missing teeth | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 2.2 ± 2.4 | 0.133 |
| Bleeding on probing (%) | 18.5 ± 10.1 | 25.0 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| Exercise (yes) † | 29 (31.5) | 46 (29.9) | 0.785 |
† Missing values: diabetes duration 11, alcohol consumption 2; plaque index 7, exercise 2; ‡ High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; § LLA: lipid-lowering agents. p-values in bolds are statistically significant (p < 0.05) or close to being significant (p < 0.10).