Table 1.
Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets.
| Ingredient (%) | Diets | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | BET | HC | HC + BET | |
| Fish meal | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 |
| Corn starch | 0 | 0 | 20 | 19 |
| Fish oil | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Vitamin mix 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Mineral mix 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Microcrystalline cellulose | 20 | 19 | 0 | 0 |
| Carboxymethylcellulose sodium | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Betaine 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Proximate composition | ||||
| Crude protein (%) | 45.08 | 45.98 | 45.48 | 45.69 |
| Crude lipid (%) | 8.02 | 7.84 | 8.10 | 8.05 |
| Moisture (%) | 6.30 | 6.88 | 5.30 | 8.29 |
| Ash (%) | 16.11 | 15.83 | 16.09 | 15.59 |
| Energy (kJ/g) | 15.66 | 15.60 | 18.96 | 18.78 |
1 Vitamin mix: from Guangdong Nutriera Group, Guangzhou, China. Vitamin A 10; vitamin B1 6; vitamin B2 5; vitamin B6 7.5; vitamin B12 (1%) 4; niacinamide 50; ascorbyl calcium phosphate (35%) 500; calcium pantothenate 20; biotin (2%) 2.5; folic acid 5; vitamin E (50%) 200; vitamin K3 10; vitamin D3 5; inositol 100; corn protein powder 75. 2 Mineral mix: from Guangdong Nutriera Group, Guangzhou, China. CuSO4·5H2O 10; FeSO4·H2O 300; ZnSO4·H2O 200; MnSO4·H2O 100; KIO3 (10%) 80; Na2SeO3 (10% Se) 67; CoCl2·6H2O (10% Co) 5; NaCl 100; zeolite 638. 3 Betaine: Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (IB0150, Solarbio, Beijing, China).