Figure 8.

Q-criterion isosurface of vortex at five different time points. Blue means rotating in an anti-clockwise direction along the X axis according to the right-hand rule and red means rotating in a corresponding clockwise direction. The black arrows with dotted boxes show the development of the hairpin vortices into horseshoe vortices, finally affecting the rotating direction at the distal end of the aortic arch before entering the descending aorta. The red arrows with dotted boxes mark the vortex ring formed on the aortic valve due to the presence of the valve morphology.