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. 2023 Sep 28;12(10):1809. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101809

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Pretreatment with L. bicolor honey extract alters sphingolipid and necroptosis metabolism in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathway using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 for L. bicolor honey treatment group vs. LPS treatment group. (B) Differentially regulated sphingolipid metabolism and necroptosis pathway metabolites. The metabolite nodes in red indicate the compound up-regulated in LPS-treated group compared to the blank group, but it was down-regulated in honey-treated group compared to the LPS group.