Table 1.
Characterization of nanoparticles loaded with sorafenib.
| Investigators | Nanoplatform | Average Particle Size (nm) (±S.D.) | Zeta Potential (mV) (±S.D.) |
PDI ** | Photosensitizer | Synergistic Effect | Cumulative Release of Sorafenib % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. [100] | MnO2-SOR-Ce6@PDA-PEG-FA | 117.09 ± (5.38) | −14.16 ± (2.47) | -- | Ce6 | Ferroptosis | ~60 (pH = 5.5) |
| Wang et al. [99] | BCFe@SRF ** | 102.6 ± (1.3) | −2.7 ± (0.6) | 0.28 | Ce6 | Ferroptosis | more than 90 (with Na2S2O4) |
| Liu et al. [96] | SFT-MB ** | 220 | ~−20 | 0.189 | Methylene blue | Ferroptosis | 68 (pH = 4, 72 h) |
| Xu et al. [97] | SRF@Hb-Ce6 | 175 | −14.43 | -- | Ce6 | Ferroptosis | more than 60 (with MMP2) |
| Liu et al. [98] | Ce6@SRF@RDV ** | ~190 | ~−31 | -- | Ce6 | Ferroptosis | ~90 (660 nm light) |
| Sun et al. [103] | NP-sfb/ce6 | 151.8 ± (11.4) | −23.6 ± (3.4) | -- | Ce6 | Enhanced tumor immune response | 60.9 (After 120 h of laser irradiation) |
| Zhou et al. [105] | BSA-MHI148@SRF nanoparticles | 145 ± (10) | −13.5 ± (1.1) | -- | BSA-MHI148 | Hypoxia reversion; Reverse the immunosuppression microenvironment | ~80 (pH = 5.6, 24 h) |
| He et al. [106] | SCM@BSA ** | 181 ± (7) | −19.6 ± (0.4) | 0.19 | Ce6 | Improves the immunosuppressive effect | ~30 (pH = 6.5 + GSH) |
| Guo et al. [109] | CMV/C-S ** | 100 | -- | -- | Ce6 | Sensitize immune response (CI = 0.42) | 83.7 (After 120 h of laser irradiation) |
| Shu et al. [107] | SRF/Ce6-loaded PEG-M- PPMT NPs | 135.1 ± (3.0) | −3.3 ± (0.1) | 0.241 ± (0.06) | Ce6 | Antitumor angiogenesis | 74.3 (irradiation at 500 mW/cm2) |
| Wu et al. [110] | SINP ** | 70 (dry state) 100 (swelling state) |
-- | -- | Indocyanine Green | Increasing intracellular ROS level; Antitumor angiogenesis | -- |
| He et al. [111] | SILs ** | 143.4 ± (3.9) | −12.4 ± (2.3) | 0.123 ± (0.008) | Indocyanine Green | Antitumor angiogenesis | -- |
| Yao et al. [108] | SPFT ** | 80 | −28.07 ± (0.55) | -- | ZnPc(PS)4 | Chemotherapeutic Reactions | -- |
| Yu et al. [112] | ZnPc/SFB@BSA nanocapsule | 91 ± (21) | -- | -- | ZnPc | Chemotherapeutic Reactions | 90.1 (with trypsin after 6 days) |
| Hu et al. [113] | Sor@GR-COF-366 | 165.4 ± (2.9) | −9.5 | -- | Porphyrin | Chemotherapeutic Reactions (CI = 0.22/0.26) | 83.2 ± 3.8 (pH = 5.6, 48 h) |
| Wei et al. [104] | SC NPs ** | ~152 | ~−31.99 | -- | Ce6 | Chemotherapeutic Reactions | -- |
** PDI: Polymer dispersity index; SRF: Sorafenib; SFT-MB: SRF@FeIIITA-methylene blue; RDV: Red blood cell-derived vehicle; SCM: Sorafenib, Ce6, MnO2; CMV/C-S: Cell membrane vehicle/Ce6 and sorafenib; SINP: Sorafenib/indocyanine nanoparticles; SILs: Sorafenib-Indocyanine Green liposomes; SPFT: Sorafenib/ZnPc(PS)4@FeIII-TA nanoparticles; SC NPs: Sorafenib and ce6 nanoparticles.