Table 3.
Risk Factors for Clinical Failure in Chronic PJIs Treated With Two-Stage Exchange Surgery (n = 157)
| Nonfailures (n = 117), % |
Failures (n = 40), % |
P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Male sex | 55.6 | 55.0 | .95 | ||
| Age >80 y | 6.0 | 5.0 | .82 | ||
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 40.7 | 60.0 | .04 | 2.36 (0.99–5.63) | .05 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Diabetes | 19.7 | 37.5 | .02 | 2.98 (1.17–7.56) | .02 |
| Renal failure | 3.4 | 17.5 | .003 | 2.67 (0.55–13.03) | .23 |
| COPD | 13.7 | 20.0 | .34 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | 3.4 | 7.5 | .28 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2.6 | 10.0 | .05 | 3.92 (0.57–27.09) | .17 |
| Medication | |||||
| Immune-suppressive drugs | 8.5 | 15.0 | .24 | ||
| Characteristics of infected implant | |||||
| Knee | 45.3 | 60.0 | .11 | ||
| Revision prosthesis | 18.8 | 32.5 | .07 | 2.34 (0.88–6.21) | .09 |
| Cemented | 60.0 | 73.1 | .52 | ||
| Clinical presentation | |||||
| Sinus tract | 24.3 | 29.7 | .52 | ||
| Intraoperative pus | 50.4 | 50.0 | .96 | ||
| Serum CRP >50 mg/L | 25.5 | 20.0 | .51 | ||
| Identified staphylococci | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 28.2 | 45.0 | .05 | 2.17 (0.89–5.24) | .08 |
| Surgical treatment | |||||
| Antibiotic-loaded cement spacer | 91.5 | 92.5 | .84 | ||
| Antibiotic holiday >2 wk | 77.8 | 57.5 | .01 | 0.19 (0.04–0.90) | .04 |
| Spacer exchange | 13.9 | 12.1 | .88 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | |||||
| Rifampicin used | 58.1 | 32.5 | .005 | 0.36 (0.15–0.88) | .02 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; OR, odds ratio; PJI, periprosthetic joint infection.
Variables included in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.
Statistically significant variables are presented in bold.