Figure 3.

Effects of GCs on TM cells. GCs have a variety of effects on TM cells, including: (1) the proliferation of the Golgi apparatus; (2) enlarged and pleomorphic nuclei; (3) increased cross-linked actin networks (CLANs); (4) microtubule tangles; (5) altered expression and localization of cell–cell junctional complexes; (6) proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum; (7) increased deposition of extracellular matrix material around cells; (8) altered expression of integrins; and (9) increased numbers of electron lucent fusion vesicles. Figure derived from Wordinger and Clark [26].