Table 2.

Pre-operative predictive tools for muscle-invasive, NOC, or node positive UTUC.

First Author	Year	Prediction Form	Number of Patients	Prognosticators	Prediction of	Accuracy	Validation
Brien [108]	2010	Risk group stratification	172	Hydronephrosis, biopsy grade and urinary cytology	NOC UTUC Muscle Invasive	PPV 73 NPV 100 PPV 89 NPV 100
Margulis [109]	2010	Nomogram	659	Tumor architecture, tumor grade and tumor location	NOC UTUC	76.6	Internal
Favaretto [91]	2012	Risk group stratification	274	Ureteroscopic grade, tumor location, Hydronephrosis and invasion on imaging	NOC Muscle Invasive	70 71
Chen [110]	2013	Nomogram	693	Gender, architecture, multifocality, tumor location, grade and Hydronephrosis	NOC Muscle Invasive	79 79	Internal
Petros [92]	2018	Nomogram	566	Ureteroscopic grade, Architecture, Hemoglobin, Clinical stage	NOC UTUC	82 Development 77 Validation	Internal & External
Yoshida [111]	2020	Nomogram	1101	NLR, CKD, Tumor location, Hydronephrosis, Local invasion on imaging	NOC UTUC	77	Internal & External
Foerster [49]	2021	Nomogram	1214	Previous RC, architecture, multifocality, invasion on imaging, tumor size, Preoperative hydronephrosis, Cytology, Biopsy staging, biopsy grading, sex, age	≥pT2/N+	75 (bias corrected)	Internal
Marcq [47]	2022	Risk group stratification	1214	≥cT3, sessile architecture, hydronephrosis, High grade cytology, high grade biopsy, age at Dx	≥pT2	77
Venkat [46]	2022	Nomogram	6143	Age, architecture, urine cytology, biopsy grade, LVI, Tumor size, cN	≥pT2	80	Internal
Venkat [46]	2022	Nomogram	6143	LVI, cN, Biopsy grade, tumor size	Positive Node	87.8	Internal

NOC: Non-organ confined; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; RC: Radical cystectomy; Dx: Diagnosis; cN: clinical Node-positive.