Figure A4.

Coronal noninvasive angular displacement (NIAD) assessment of the L5/6 level. Time-course assessments were made: pre-operatively (A), 4 weeks post-OP (B), 8 weeks post-OP (C), and 12 weeks post-OP (D). It was expected that the BMP-containing samples would drive bone formation and cause stiffening of the spines, and that the progression of spinal stiffening would result in gradual attenuation of NIAD assessments over time. Chondroitinase ABC is abbreviated as chABC. Indicated significance: p ≤ 0.001 (***), p < 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.05 (*).