Table 1.
Summary of the included studies.
| First a Author |
Year of Publication | Nr of Patients | Location of VSD (n = Patient Count) |
Associated Lesions (n = Patient Count) |
Infundibular Morphology | Great Arteries | Visceroabdominal Situs | Surgical Strategy | Follow Up | Adverse Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bharati et al. [10] | 1978 | 45 | VSD: subaortic (32), sub-pulmonary (8), double committed (4). IVS (1) |
Dextrocardia (2); Pulmonary stenosis (28) Tricuspid Atresia (9), Tricuspid stenosis (5) |
Aortic-mitral continuity Hypoplasic subpulmonary conus |
D-aorta (23) L-aorta (19) Anterior aorta (3) |
Solitus (45) | Not assessed | - | |
| DeLeon et al. [13] | 1995 | 2 | VSD: subaortic (2) | Pulmonary stenosis (2) | Not assessed | D-aorta (2) | Solitus (2) | Pulmonary root translocation (2) | Median follow-up 1.5 years (IQR 1.25–1.75) | Small residual VSD (1) |
| Raja et al. [16] | 2020 | 4 | VSD. Subaortic (4) | Pulmonary stenosis (3); Abnormal coronary arteries (3) |
Not assessed | D-aorta (4) | Solitus (4) | Pulmonary root translocation (3) REV (1) |
Median follow-up 13.5 months (11.5–15.5) | |
| Imai Compton et al. [11] | 2010 | 19 | Not assessed | ASD (14); RV hypoplasia (12) Tricuspid atresia (7) Pulmonary atresia (7) Pulmonary stenosis (6) LVOTO (5) |
Not assessed | D-aorta (4) L-aorta (8) Not described (7) |
Situs: not known | Univentricular (9) Biventricular (7) Other (palliative care, lost to follow up) (3) |
Median follow-up 7.5 years (2 weeks-19 y) | 5 deaths: heart failure (2), surgical related (1), aortic thrombosis (1), myocardial infarction (1) Residual lesions: aortic regurgitation (5), mitral regurgitation (2), arrhythmia (4, 1 PMK implantation); hypertension (2) |
| Ootaki et al. [14] | 2001 | 2 | VSD: subaortc (2) | Pulmonary stenosis (2) | Bilaterally absent | D-aorta (1) L-aorta (1) |
Solitus (2) | Pulmonary root translocation (2) Pulmonary regurgitation |
Follow-up 26 and 55 months | - |
| Subirana et al. [19] | 1984 | 2 | VSD: subaortic (2), | Hypoplastic RV (2), AV discordance (2); Pulmonary stenosis (1) | Bilaterally absent (2) | L-aorta (2) | Solitus (2) | Not assessed | - | - |
| Luciani et al. [9] | 2017 | 22 | VSD: subaortic (15), sub-pulmonary (3); double committed (2), NC (1), Not described (1) | Pulmonary stenosis (16), pulmonary atresia (1) | Not assessed | D-aorta (16) L-aorta (5) Not described (1) |
Solitus (20) Situs inversus (2): 1 I,D,D 1 I,L,L |
Extracardiac conduit (12) RVOT reconstruction (6) Intraventricular repair (3) Pulmonary root translocation (1) |
Not evaluable | RV failure (4) Cerebral thrombosis (1) Atrioventricular block (1) Conduit change (2) Fontan (1) |
| Van Praagh et al. [8] | 1989 | 109 | VSD: subaortic (82), subpulmonary (16), Doubly-committed (7), Non-committed (3), IVS 1 |
PS/pulmonary stenosis (73) LVOTO (17) | Bilateral absence (20) Bilateral presence (8) Short subpulmonary (44) Subaortic (37) |
D-aorta (70) L-aorta (38) A-aorta (1) |
Solitus (103) Situs inversus (5): I,D,D (2) I,L,L (2) I,L,D (1) Right atrial isomerism (1) A,D,L (1) |
Not assessed | - | |
| Brandt et al. [12] | 1976 | 5 | VSD: subaortic (5) | Pulmonary stenosis (5) Hypoplasic right ventricle (1) |
Subpulmonary conus (2) Bilateral absence (2) Not assessed (1) |
D-aorta (4) L-aorta (1) |
Solitus (4) Situs inversus (1) 1 I,D,D |
Extracardiac conduit (5) 2 late deaths |
Median follow-up 2.25 years (1.5–2.5) | |
| McElhinney et al. [15] | 1997 | 3 | VSD: subaortic (3) | Pulmonary stenosis (2) Single coronary ostium (1) |
Absent conus (2) Subaortic conus (2) |
D-aorta (2) L-aorta (1) |
Solitus (3) | Pulmonary root translocation (2) Extracardiac conduit (1) |
Median fu: 39m (28–43) | |
| Villani et al. [17] | 1979 | 2 | VSD: subaortic (1), subpulmonary (1) | Pulmonary stenosis (2) Abnormal coronary arteries (1) |
Not assessed | D-aorta (1) L-aorta (1) |
Solitus (2) | Extracardiac conduit (2) | Follow up time NA | |
| Stegmann et al. [18] | 1979 | 2 | VSD: subaortic (1), subpulmonary (1) | Pulmonary stenosis (2) | D-aorta (1) L-aorta (1) |
Solitus (2) | Extracardiac conduit (1) RVOT patch (1) and conduit |
Follow up time NA | Reoperation (1) Right heart failure (2) |