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. 2023 Oct 18;12(20):2475. doi: 10.3390/cells12202475

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of connection (bidirectional communication) of first brain (central nervous system (CNS)) and second brain (enteric nervous system ENS)) through the immune system (IMS). (A) Bidirectional communication between normal brain and gut in which neurons, glial cells, neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, the vagal nerve, and receptors are in homeostatic conditions via the immune system. (B) Binge alcohol disrupts the homeostatic conditions causing inflammation in the CNS, ENS, and IMS.