Figure 1.

Models of cancer evolution shaped by genetic alterations. (a–d) Depiction of four distinct models illustrating the progression of cancer influenced by genetic factors. The cellular representation (left panel) demonstrates the evolution at the individual cell level, highlighting cells impacted by genetic changes. The evolutionary trajectory view (right panel) pictures the pathway or progression of cancer evolution over time due to genetic alterations. In both panels, cells that have accumulated a new genetic alteration are indicated with a yellow star.