Table 3.

Genomic regions from a GWAS for feeding behaviour, social behaviour, activity behaviour, cow–human interactions, and learning behaviour traits in dairy (crossed) cows (sorted by chromosome, trait name, and chromosome position).

BTA	Trait	Chromosome Position	Associated Gene/QTL 1	Breed	Reference
1	Rank order in the herd	126.5 Mbp	SLC9A9	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Standing alert in response to social separation	0.4–0.6 Mbp	BM6438	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	95.7–95.9 Mbp	MBMS4044	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
3	Refusals per day in AMS	73.5–73.9 Mbp	NEGR1, PTGER3	HF	[175]
4	General temperament	14.9 bp	TAC1	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Standing alert in response to social separation	51.3–86.3 Mbp	MAF50-DIK026	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	51.3–86.3 Mbp	MAF50-DIK026	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
6	Rank order in the herd	8.4 Mbp	-	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Walking in response to social separation	4.0–31.0 Mbp	DIK5076-BM1329	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
7	Vocalisation in response to social separation	62.0–62.2 Mbp	INRA053	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
8	Aggressiveness	58.5 Mbp	-	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Walking in response to social separation	51.9–52.0 Mbp	CSSM047	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	General temperament	101.5 bp	AKAP2, TXN, TXNDC8	Brown Swiss	[135]
9	Vocalisation in response to social separation	28.1–45.4 Mbp	BM2504-UWCA9	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
10	Vocalisation in response to social separation	20.9–38.0 Mbp	BMS528-TGLA378	HF x Charolais crosses	[169]
	Walking in response to social separation	52.2–67.7 Mbp	BM888-CSRM60	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
11	Rumination	55,229,674 bp	-	HF	[133]
	Standing alert in response to social separation	48.3–66.9 Mbp	ILSTS100-IDVGA-3	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
12	Refusals per day in AMS	53.0–55.0 Mbp	SPRY2, POU4F1	HF	[175]
		84.3 Mbp	MYO16, CARS2, IRS2	HF	[175]
13	Not active	79,178,395 bp	-	Multi-breed	[133]
16	Standing alert in response to social separation	87.7–101.8 Mbp	HUJ625	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	46.4–66.5 Mbp	ETH11-BM719	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Walking in response to social separation	7.6–7.8 Mbp	BM121	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
17	Rumination	68,187,177 bp	-	Multi-breed	[133]
18	Rank order in the herd	29.4 Mbp	-	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Refusals per day in AMS	25.4–26.2 Mbp	COQ9, CNOT1	HF	[175]
		55.7–55.9. Mbp	SLC6A16, PTH2, ALDH16A1	HF	[175]
		60.0–63.2 Mbp	MBOAT7, CNOT3	HF	[175]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	0–15.8 cM	IDVGA-31-ABS013	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
19	Rank order in the herd	14.1 Mbp	ACACA, TADA2A, DUSP14, SYNRG	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Refusals per day in AMS	50.5–50.6 Mbp	TBCD, ACTG1, RAC3	HF	[175]
	Standing alert in response to social separation	40.4–52.1 Mbp	CSSM065-ETH3	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	40.4–52.1 Mbp	CSSM065-ETH3	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Walking in response to social separation	25.1–40.4 Mbp	BMS2142-CSSM065	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
20	Aggressiveness	65.7 Mbp	ADCY	Brown Swiss	[135]
	Flight from feeder	45.6–62.3 Mbp	DIK15-BM5004	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
23	Feeding	19,834,215 bp	SLC25A27	Multi-breed	[133]
25	Flight from feeder	19.6–33.0 Mbp	BM737-INRA222	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	19.6–33.0 Mbp	BM737-INRA222	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
26	Vocalisation in response to social separation	1.6–19.6 Mbp	ABS12-HEL11	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
27	Rumination	37,283,994 bp	THAP1, RNF170,	Multi-breed	[133]
28	Flight from feeder	6.2–6.4 Mbp	BP23	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
29	Flight from feeder	29.4–51.1 Mbp	DIK094-MNB101	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]
	Rumination	46,014,507 bp	RPS6KB2, PTPRCAP, CORO1B, GPR152, CaBP4, TMEM134, AIP, PITPNM1	Multi-breed	[133]
		49,036,680 bp	ENSBTAG00000000776, MRGPRG	Multi-breed	[133]
	Vocalisation in response to social separation	17.9–24.6 Mbp	RM044-MNB-166	HF × Charolais crosses	[169]

¹ Genes are written in italics and QTLs are written in non-italics; annotation tools and databases for gene annotation and QTL detection differ in different studies.