Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | Level | CDAI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p | ||
| N | 3842 (28,879,833) | 3843 (31,351,729) | 3841 (33,353,289) | 3843 (35,393,618) | 3843 (36,306,973) | ||
| Age (Year) | 47.25 (17.03) | 47.21 (16.81) | 47.06 (16.01) | 46.34 (15.91) | 44.89 (15.32) | <0.001 | |
| Phenoage (Year) | 42.19 (19.92) | 41.66 (19.37) | 40.87 (18.30) | 39.93 (18.04) | 37.92 (17.35) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | Men | 1759 (41.8) | 1952 (47.9) | 2046 (51.9) | 1989 (50.6) | 2066 (54.5) | <0.001 |
| Race | Non-Hispanic Black | 928 (14.2) | 710 (10.1) | 670 (9.3) | 658 (8.7) | 654 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1752 (67.5) | 1970 (72.3) | 2059 (74.8) | 2104 (74.8) | 2140 (76.2) | ||
| Other | 1162 (18.3) | 1163 (17.5) | 1112 (16.0) | 1081 (16.5) | 1049 (15.3) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.56 (6.55) | 28.62 (6.59) | 28.62 (6.48) | 28.48 (6.28) | 28.22 (6.73) | 0.083 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.37 (15.65) | 98.02 (15.98) | 98.11 (15.59) | 97.68 (15.82) | 96.88 (16.36) | 0.015 | |
| Education level | High school and above | 1400 (45.2) | 1721 (53.4) | 1947 (59.8) | 2046 (61.3) | 2194 (65.7) | <0.001 |
| PIR | <1 | 1433 (27.3) | 1142 (20.2) | 998 (17.1) | 943 (16.4) | 878 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| 1-2.99 | 1536 (39.2) | 1539 (38.4) | 1502 (35.3) | 1429 (34.7) | 1412 (33.1) | ||
| ≥3 | 873 (33.5) | 1162 (41.4) | 1341 (47.5) | 1471 (48.9) | 1553 (51.8) | ||
| Health insurance | Yes | 2876 (78.1) | 2994 (81.5) | 3055 (83.4) | 3051 (83.2) | 3017 (82.7) | <0.001 |
| Smoke | Yes | 1124 (32.5) | 899 (24.7) | 851 (23.4) | 754 (19.8) | 765 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use | Yes | 2276 (65.5) | 2478 (69.6) | 2626 (73.8) | 2684 (73.8) | 2806 (77.2) | <0.001 |
| DM | Yes | 1035 (20.0) | 967 (19.7) | 900 (17.9) | 826 (16.9) | 742 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| CVD | Yes | 572 (11.5) | 496 (10.2) | 417 (8.0) | 353 (7.2) | 285 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | Yes | 1800 (40.6) | 1643 (36.5) | 1637 (37.0) | 1531 (34.5) | 1398 (32.6) | <0.001 |
| Cancer history | Yes | 355 (9.8) | 376 (9.5) | 396 (9.4) | 339 (8.3) | 318 (7.4) | 0.012 |
| C reactive protein(mg/L) | 0.48 (0.88) | 0.44 (0.85) | 0.39 (0.77) | 0.37 (0.68) | 0.35 (0.74) | <0.001 | |
| Albumin(g/dL) | 42.45 (3.25) | 42.47 (3.19) | 42.76 (3.10) | 42.85 (3.12) | 43.11 (3.13) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviation: CDAI: composite dietary antioxidant index, PIR: poverty income ratio, DM: diabetes mellitus, CVD: cardiovascular disease.