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. 2023 Oct 9;13(10):2214–2225. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13100156

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Serial mediation model with unstandardized coefficients. a1, direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on meaning in life; a2, direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on loneliness; a3, direct effect of meaning in life on loneliness; b1, direct effect of meaning in life on life satisfaction; b2, direct effect of loneliness on life satisfaction; c, total effect of COVID-19 anxiety on life satisfaction; c’, direct effect of COVID-19 anxiety on life satisfaction. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.