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. 2023 Oct 11;24(20):15097. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015097

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) LTBP-1 mRNA expression in DD- and CTS-FBs. No considerable difference between DD- and CTS-FBs could be determined by analyzing mRNA expression (n = 8–9). (B) LTBP-1 protein expression in DD- and CTS-FBs. If DD-FBs were treated with TGF-β1 (+TGF β) LTBP-1 was significantly elevated in DD-FBs (n = 9). (C) LTBP-3 mRNA expression in DD- and CTS-FBs. LTBP-3 expression was highly significantly decreased in native (w/o) DD-FBs compared with CTS-FBs. If treated with TGF-β1 (+TGF-β), LTPB-3 was significantly downregulated in DD-FBs compared with CTS-FBs (n = 9). * p ≤ 0.05; **** p ≤ 0.0005. Bars represent the mean ± SD of individual experiments indicated. (D) Visualization of an increased LTBP-1 expression in DD-FBs treated with TGF-β1. (E) Visualization of a decreased LTBP-3 expression in DD-FBs treated with and w/o TGF-β1.