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. 2023 Sep 29;14(10):1892. doi: 10.3390/genes14101892

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Alignment of DNA genotypes (V1-V9) and amino acid translations (below each DNA sequence) of the VGSC gene kdr region sequenced from Ny. darlingi collected in Peru and Brazil. Dots indicate no base or amino acid change from consensus sequence. Forward (F primer) and reverse primer (R primer) regions (green boxes), intron position (gray), and codon 995 (black box), associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance are denoted (image obtained from Geneious version 2020.2 created by Biomatters).