Table 2.
A comprehensive overview of second-generation FLT3 inhibitors utilized in clinical trials for AML treatment.
| Drug | Targeted Mutation | Study (Ref.) | Usage | Benefit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front-line therapy | Crenolanib | FLT3-ITD/TKD | Phase II study [39] |
Standard of care “3 + 7” + Crenolanib | OS: 88% |
| Gilteritinib | FLT3-ITD/TKD | NCT02236013 (phase I) [40] | Standard of care “3 + 7” + Gilteritinib | OS: 35.8 mo | |
| Gilteritinib | FLT3-ITD/TKD | Lacewing (phase III) [41] | In combination with Azacitidine (not eligible for IC) | OS: 9.8 vs. 8.9 mo | |
| Quizartinib | FLT3-ITD | QuANTUM-First (phase III) [42] |
Standard of care “3 + 7” + Quizartinib | OS: 31.9 vs. 15.1 mo | |
| Relapsed/refractory Disease | Gilteritinib | FLT3-ITD/TKD | Admiral (phase III) [43] | Monotherapy | OS: 9.3 vs. 5.6 mo |
| Quizartinib | FLT3-ITD | QuANTUM-R (phase III) [44] | Monotherapy | OS: 6.2 vs. 4.7 mo |
Abbreviations: FLT3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase; ITD, internal tandem duplication; TKD, tyrosine kinase domain; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; OS, overall survival; IC, intensive chemotherapy; mo, months.