Figure 4.

Potential connections between the actin cytoskeleton and signaling molecules, involving ROS signaling, Ca²⁺ signaling, light signaling, cytokinin signaling, and ROP signaling. This scheme is based on published research data discussed in this review. Solid lines, direct interaction; dashed line, potential interaction; arrows, activation of signaling cascades; bars, inhibitory effect; PLD, PHOSPHOLIPASE D; PA, phosphatidic acid; RBOH, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE; CP, chloroplast; AHK, ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE; ARR, ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR; ARP2/3, ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN 2/3; ROP, RHO-RELATED GTPase; CDPK, calcium-dependent protein kinase; ABP, actin-binding protein.