Table 4.

Summary of the main vascular and bowel features on CT according to the type of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI)

	Imaging features of vascular lesions	Imaging features of ischaemic injury (early AMI)	Imaging features of transmural necrosis (late AMI)	Predictive score of transmural necrosis
Arterial occlusive AMI	Atherosclerosis Embolus Isolated SMA dissection	Decreased enhancement of the bowel wall	Small bowel dilatation>25 mm Pneumatosis / PV gas	Lactate > 2 mmol l−1 Small bowel dilatation>25 mm Organ failure 4
Venous AMI	Local SMV injury Thrombophilia Chronic SMV insufficiency	Bowel wall thickening+multiple-layer appearance Ascites with mesenteric congestion	Decreased enhancement of the bowel wall	Pending
Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischaemia	Low flow states: spasm of the SMA	Various, simultaneous, and diffuse features	Absence of bowel wall enhancement Bowel wall thinning	Bowel wall thinning Absence of bowel wall enhancement Plasma bicarbonate concentration≤15 mmol l−1, Prothrombin rate<40% 76
Ischaemic colitis	Normal Possible stenosis or occlusions of the SMA/IMA are not related to the bowel lesions	Non-specific signs Prognosis directly linked to the local and systemic inflammatory process

IMA, inferior mesenteric artery; PV, portal vein; SMA/V, superior mesenteric artery/vein.