Table 3.
Selected plant extracts from various species with anti-aging activity.
| Species (Family) | Part/Extract | Method | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) |
WGE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA and COL activity | [112] |
|
Aerva lanata (Amaranthaceae) |
EE, WE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA, COL and HYAL activity | [153] |
|
Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae) |
peanut shells, UAE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ COL activity | [154] |
|
Artemisia iwayomogi (Asteraceae) |
1% water fraction | in vivo study on 21 women volunteers | anti-wrinkle effect after using O/W cream for 8 weeks; ↓ depth of fine wrinkles on facial skin | [155] |
|
Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae) |
aerial parts, EE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ MMP-1, ELA and HYAL activity | [156] |
|
Borago officinalis (Boraginacea) |
aerial parts, ME, WME |
enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA, COL activity | [157] |
|
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) |
leaf, root, twig, fruit, EAE, ME | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA activity | [158] |
|
Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) |
herb, WEE, MAE, UAE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro; application analysis on 15 volunteers in vivo |
↓ COL and ELA activity; ↓ TEWL; ↑ skin moisture level |
[150] |
|
Cyclopia spp. (Fabaceae) |
leaf, branches, WE, WEE, WAE, BE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ COL and HYAL, weak influence on ELA activity | [61] |
|
Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae) |
root, steam, leaf, EAE, EE |
enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA activity | [159] |
|
Dimocarpus longan (Sapindaceae) |
seed extracts, PET, EAE, EE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ MMP-1 and HYAL activity | [160] |
|
Euphorbia characias (Euphorbiaceae) |
leaf, EE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA, COL and HYAL activity | [64] |
|
Hydrangea serrata (Hydrangeaceae) |
leaf, WE | in vitro, HaCaT and HDF; clinical study (22 subjects) | ↑ skin barrier components and HAS, ↓ mRNA levels of HYAL-1, -2, -3; ↑ mRNA expression of Col1a1; ↑ skin moisture level, ↓ skin wrinkles |
[119] |
|
Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae) |
whole flower, stamen, EE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA, COL and HYAL activity | [161] |
| Olea europaea (Oleacea) |
leaf, WE, PPG, LA; MAE, UAE |
enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA and COL activity | [162] |
|
Plectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) |
aerial part, WE, ME, AE, EAE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA and COL activity | [163] |
|
Pradosia mutisii (Sapotaceae) |
ME | in vitro, HaCaT and HDF | ↑ expression of moisturizing-related genes HAS-2, TGM-1 and Col1a1 gene | [72] |
|
Premna odorata (Verbenaceae) |
leaf, EO | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro | considerable anti-ELA and anti-HYAL and mild anti-COL potential | [164] |
|
Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) |
leaf, HE | enzyme reaction assay, fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods in vitro |
↓ ELA, COL and HYAL activity | [74] |
|
Spatholobus suberectus (Fabaceae) |
stem, WE, EE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro | ↓ ELA activity | [77] |
|
Thunbergia laurifolia (Acanthacea) |
leaf, EE, SE, RE | enzyme reaction assay, fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods in vitro; in vitro, 3T3 cells |
↓ MMP-1, MMP-2, -9 and HYAL activity |
[165] |
|
Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) |
fruit, WEE | single-blind placebo-controlled in vivo study, 11 volunteers | improvement in skin moisture and elasticity after 12 weeks of applying W/O emulsion | [166] |
|
Washingtonia filifera (Arecaceae) |
pulp, seed, WE, EE, ME | in vitro, HaCaT | ↓ ELA and COL activity | [80] |
|
Warburgia salutaris (Canellacea) |
bark, WE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro | activity against HYAL > ELA > COL | [167] |
|
Papaver rhoeas
Punica granatum Clitoria ternatea Carthamus tinctorius Gomphrena globasa |
flower, WEE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro; application analysis on 15 volunteers in vivo |
↓ ELA and COL activity; SPF 20–31; ↓ TEWL; ↑ skin moisture level |
[168] |
|
Cannabis sativa
Foeniculum vulgare Punica granatum Vitis vinifera |
seed, EE, WEE, SFE UAE | enzyme reaction assay, spectrophotometric method in vitro |
↓ ELA and COL activity | [169] |
|
Phyllanthus emblica
Momordica cochinchinensis Centella asiatica |
leaf, fruit extract | randomized double-blind placebo-controlled in vivo study, 60 women | significant improvement in skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkles in eye and cheek areas after 60 days of emulsion application containing an extract combination | [151] |
↑, enhance/increase; ↓, inhibit/decrease; AE, aceton extract; BE, buthanol extract; COL, collagenase; Col1a1, collagen type I alpha 1; EAE, ethyl acetate extract; ELA, elastase; EE, ethanol extract; EO, essential oil; HAS, hyaluronic acid synthase; HE, hexane extract; HYAL, hyaluronidase; LA, lactic acid; MAE, magnetic-stirrer-assisted extraction; ME, methanol extract; MMP, metalloproteinases; PET, petroleum ether; PPG, polypropylene glycol; RE, reflux extraction; SE, Soxhlet extraction; SFE, supercritical fluid extraction; TGM-1, transglutaminase-1; UAE, ultrasound-assisted extraction; WE, water extract; WAE, water/aceton extract; WGE, water/glycerin extract; WEE, water/ethanol extract; WME, water/methanol extract.