Table 5.

Selected plants with identified essential oil compounds and a description of their aroma.

Family	Aromatic Plants	Extraction of EO	Single Constituent	Aroma Description	Ref.
Lamiaceae	Lavandula officinalis	hydrodistillation of air-dried flowers	linalool, linalyl acetate, geraniol, β-caryophyllene, lavandulyl acetate	fresh, herbaceous, floral	[261]
	Origanum vulgare	hydrodistillation of air-dried aerial parts	carvacrol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, trans-sabinene hydrate, thymol	warm, spicy, camphoraceous	[262]
	Thymus vulgaris	hydrodistillation of shade-dried flowers and leaves	thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, myrcene, α-pinene, α-thujene	strong, spicy, herbaceous	[263]
	Mentha piperita	hydrodistillation of shade-dried aerial parts	camphane, menthone, menthol, β-pinene, pulegone, β-cubebene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, γ-carane, piperiton	fresh, sweetish, menthol	[264]
	Hyssopus officinalis	steam distillation, simple hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation in Dean–Stark apparatus of air-dried flowering aerial parts	elemol, spathulenol, α-eudesmol, γ-eudesmol, virdiflorol, hedycaryol, isopinocamphone, cis-jasmone.	fresh, herbal, slightly sweet, camphorous	[265]
Apiaceae	Pimpinella anisum	hydrodistillationof mature fruits	trans-anethole, γ-himachalene, trans-pseudoisoeugenyl 2-methylbutyrate, cis-dihydrocarvone, methyl chavicol, α-himachalen, β-himachalene	fresh, warm, sweet, mildly pungent	[266]
	Carum carvi	hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of air-dried seeds	carvone, limonene, apiole, andrographolide, aromadendrene, β-cadinene, friedelanol, barrigenol, 3-benzyloxyphenol	pungent, anise-like, herbaceous	[267]
Rutaceae	Citrus limon	hydrodistillation of peels	limonene, α-citral, β-pinene, α-terpinene, β-elemene, neryl acetate	sharp, lemon, sweet	[268]
	Citrus paradisi	molecular distillation from cold-pressed fruits	limonene, β-myrcene, α-pinene, sabinene (0.60%), carvone (0.41%), cis-limonene oxide (0.43%), and trans-limonene oxide (0.33%), caryophyllene (0.20%), β-cubebene (0.14%), α-copaene (0.13%),	fresh, sharp, citrus	[269]
Verbenaceae	Verbena officinalis	steam distillation of leaves	limonene, 1,8-cineole, ar-curcumeme, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol	lemony scent with sweet, fruity undertones	[270]
Lauraceae	Cinnamomum verum	hydrodistillation of shade-dried leaves	eugenol, linalol, benzyl benzoate,	sweet, spicy, slightly woody, clove-like	[271]
Asteraceae	Anthemis nobilis	hydrodistillation of shade-dried flowers	en-yn-dicycloether, β-caryophyllene, aristolene epoxide, germacrene D, widdrol, cis-caryophyllene	crisp, sweet, herbal, floral, soft fruity (reminiscent of apples)	[272]
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus	steam distillation of dried leaves	eucalyptol, α-pinene, p-cymene, β- myrcene, terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene	fresh, camphoraceous, medicinal	[273]
	Melaleuca alternifolia	steam distillation of young branches and leaves	terpinen-4-ol,-terpinene, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene	fresh, camphoraceous	[274]
	Syzygium aromaticum	supercritical fluid extraction assisted by cold pressing buds	eugenol, eugenyl acetate, β- caryophyllene, α-humulene	clove, strong	[275]
Geraniaceae	Pelargonium graveolens	hydrodistillation of fully grown aerial parts	citronellol, geraniol, caryophyllene oxide, menthone, linalool, β-bourbonene, iso-menthone, geranyl formate	floral, sweet, rose-like with minty undertones	[276]