Table 1.

Summary of the physiological benefits of HFOT and their mechanisms.

Mechanism	Benefits
Anatomical dead space washout	▪Enhances the effectiveness of ventilation. ▪Minimizes re-breathing of CO2.
High oxygen flow rates	▪Minimal admixture with room air. ▪Delivery of a constant FiO2. ▪Decreased work of breathing.
PEEP effect	▪Recruitment of alveoli. ▪Decreases ventilation perfusion mismatch.
Delivery of heated and humidified gas	▪Minimizes airway constriction. ▪Reduces effort required for breathing.
Administering oxygen through a silicone cannula	▪Allows patients to eat, drink, and speak. ▪Improved patient comfort.

PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure; CO₂ = carbon dioxide; FiO₂ = fraction of inspired oxygen.