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. 2023 Oct 16;12(20):6555. doi: 10.3390/jcm12206555

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Non-auditory pathophysiology mechanisms of tinnitus. Non-auditory pathways play a critical role in the maintenance and affective response to tinnitus. Aberrant neuroplastic responses include the somatosensory cortex, perception networks, salience networks, distress networks, memory areas, reward areas, and audiovestibular processing areas. daCC—dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. sgACC—Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. NAc—Nucleus accumbens. PCC—Posterior cingulate cortex. VM—Ventromedial. Adapted from Haider et al., 2018 [59].