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. 2023 Oct 23;24(20):15468. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015468

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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AMPK and SIRT1. Legend: AMPK (adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase) and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) activated by specific stimuli (green outer arrows); both can activate each other (grey double arrow). AMPK and SIRT1 support expression and activity of different proteins and genes (green plus), whereas they also inhibit other proteins and genes (red x). Abbr.: NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; LKB1, serine-threonine kinase 11; FOXO, forkhead box O; ULK1, unc-51-like kinase 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.