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. 2023 Oct 23;24(20):15482. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015482

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Novel therapies for celiac disease. (1) Latiglutenase (ALV003) is an oral endopeptidase that degrades gluten more effectively than human proteases. (2) AGY, an oral egg yolk-derived anti-gliadin antibody, sequesters and neutralizes gluten proteins before digestion to prevent immunogenic peptide production. (3) Larazotide (AT1001), a Zonulin receptor antagonist, may enhance the epithelial barrier function, blocking immunogenic gluten peptide entry. (4) ZED1227, an orally administered selective TG-2 inhibitor, may halt the production of immunogenic peptides. (5) Introducing gluten analog peptides binding strongly to HLA-DQ2/8 could deter inflammatory responses. (6) AMG714, an anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody, may mitigate IL-15 mediated inflammatory response and tissue damage. (7) Nexvax2, a vaccine with three immunogenic gluten peptides from wheat, barley, and rye, aims to augment gluten tolerance. Abbreviations: IL-15, interleukin-15; TG2, tissue transglutaminase 2.