. 2023 Oct 11;16(20):6637. doi: 10.3390/ma16206637

Table 2.

Oligonucleotide probes and examples of bacteria present in wastewater [http://probebase.csb.univie.ac.at (accessed on 15 September 2023)].

Probe	Sequence	Formamide [%]	Fluorescent Dye	Examples of Mechanism and Bacteria Categories from Each Class
ALF968 ¹	5′-GGT AAG GTT CTG CGC GTT-3′	20	Green	Alphaproteobacteria
ALF968 ¹	5′-GGT AAG GTT CTG CGC GTT-3′	20	Green	nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrobacter denitrifying (nitrate-reducing) bacteria Paracoccus denitrificans
BET42a	5′-GCC TTC CCA CTT CGT TT-3′ ^[a]	35	Red	Betaproteobacteria
BET42a	5′-GCC TTC CCA CTT CGT TT-3′ ^[a]	35	Red	ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas iron-oxidizing bacteria Gallionella ferruginea
Gam42a	5′-GCC TTC CCA CTT CGT TT-3′ ^[a]	35	Red	Gammaproteobacteria
Gam42a	5′-GCC TTC CCA CTT CGT TT-3′ ^[a]	35	Red	S-oxidizing (sulfur-oxidizing) bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
DELTA495a ²	5′-AGT TAG CCG GTG CTT CCT-3′ ^[a]	35	Green	Deltaproteobacteria
DELTA495a ²	5′-AGT TAG CCG GTG CTT CCT-3′ ^[a]	35	Green	sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas iron- and manganese—reducing bacteria sulfate-reducing microbes Desulfovibrio aestuarii

¹ except Rickettsiales; ² most Deltaproteobacteria and most Gemmatimonadetes; ^[a] require the use of a competitor.