Table 1.

Different extraction methods for DF used on different mushroom varieties.

Extraction Methods		Materials	Extraction Conditions	Extraction Features	Reference
Physical method	Pressurized hot water	Pleurotus sajor-caju	140 °C, 0.92 MPa, and 40 min	Water as a solvent, low cost, but poor impurity removal	[46]
	Ultrasound-assisted	Agaricus bisporus	15 min, 100 mm amplitude, and 1 h of precipitation in 80% ethanol	Less time-consuming and highly efficient, but high cost and little capacity	[47]
	Microwave	Cordyceps gunnii mycelia	1:20 (w/v), 70 °C, 280 W, 5 min	High extraction efficiency, short time and low energy input, but the microwave power and microwave time should be strictly controlled	[48]
Biological method	Enzymatic	Schizophyllum commune	α-amylase, 100 °C, 30 min; protease 60 °C, 30 min	High specificity of enzyme is needed, and the extraction conditions must be strictly controlled	[49]
Chemical method	Alkaline	Coprinus comatus	2% NaOH in a ratio of 1:15, 85 °C, 2 h	High yield, but may degrade some compounds	[50]
	Acid	Lentinula edodes stipe	100 °C, 2 h; 0.8 M trichloroacetic acid, 4 °C, 3 h	High yield, but may produce some byproducts	[51]
Combined method	Hot water and alkaline	Cookeina tricholoma	98 °C, 4 h; 2% KOH (w/v 1:4), 98 °C, 4 h	High yield and purity, but time-consuming	[52]
	Acid–alkaline combined	Pleurotus eryngii	0.1 M H2SO4 (1:10 w/v), 60 °C, 2 h; 0.25 M NaOH (1:8 w/v), 60 °C, 2 h	Higher purity, low cost, but may cause excessive degradation	[53]