c	apparent cohesion
$c^{\prime }$	effective cohesion
${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{a}}$	axial strain
${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{v}}$	volumetric strain
f v	volumetric coarse grain content
f v-cha	characteristic volumetric coarse grain content
G s	specific gravity
I p	plasticity index
ρ d	dry density of sample
ρ d–f	dry density of fine soil
ρ dmax-f	maximum dry density of fine soil
q	deviator stress
τ	shear stress
τ sat	shear stress under saturated condition
τ ref	shear stress under referenced condition
S r	degree of saturation
S r-r	residual degree of saturation
$S_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{e}}$	effective degree of saturation
$S_{\mathrm{r}-\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}^{\mathrm{e}}$	effective degree of saturation under a referenced state
w	water content of soil mixture
w f	water content of fine soil
w opt-f	optimum water content of fine soil
w L	liquid limit
χ	effective stress parameter
${\sigma }_3$	confining pressure
φ	friction angle
${\phi }^{\prime }$	effective friction angle
$\psi$	suction
$\psi$ ref	suction under referenced state