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. 2023 Oct 21;13(10):2096. doi: 10.3390/life13102096

Table 1.

Systematic anatomy of the adductor muscles in the albino rat.

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation
Cranial gracilis muscle cranial and caudal pubic rami cranial border of the tibia between tibial tuberosity and insertion of the semitendinosus muscle cranial branch of the obturator nerve
Caudal gracilis muscle ramus of ischium medial surface of the tibia deep to the insertion of the cranial gracilis muscle cranial branch of the obturator nerve
Adductor longus muscle cranial and caudal pubic rami, ramus of ischium medial lip of the facies aspera of the femur (fused with distal portion of insertion of pectineus muscle) cranial branch of the obturator nerve
Adductor brevis muscle cranial and caudal pubic rami
  • femoral part

medial and lateral lip of facies aspera,
medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities
cranial branch of the obturator nerve
  • genicular part

medial femoral epicondyle, medial patellar retinaculum,
medial tibial condyle
Adductor magnus muscle ramus of ischium distal part of caudal aspect of the third trochanter,
lateral lip of the facies aspera between adductor minimus (proximal) and adductor brevis (distal)
caudal branch of the obturator nerve
Adductor minimus muscle cranial and caudal pubic rami (95% of cases), ramus of ischium (75% of cases) caudal aspect of the third trochanter caudal branch of the obturator nerve
Obturator externus muscle cranial and caudal pubic rami,
ramus of ischium,
cranial margin of tabula of ischium,
outer aspect of the obturator membrane
trochanteric fossa,
fibrous capsule of the hip joint
obturator nerve (trunk)
Obturator intermedius muscle cranial pubic ramus obturator nerve (trunk)

For each muscle, the exact origin, insertion, and innervating nerves are summarized here. Within this muscle group, there were only rare remarkable variations, which are given in percentages.