Table 1.
SD (standard deviation), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists), BMI (body mass index), THR (total hip replacement arthroplasty), TKR (total knee replacement arthroplasty), rTKA (revision total knee arthroplasty), min (minutes). Data are expressed in mean ± standard deviation or number and percentage.
| Landmark-Guided (n = 88) |
Ultrasound-Assisted (n = 91) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 82.5 ± 5.1 | 83 ± 5.8 | 0.562 |
| Gender | 0.237 | ||
| Female | 56 (63.9%) | 50 (54.9%) | 0.237 |
| Male | 32 (36.4%) | 41 (45.1%) | 0.237 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 4.9 | 31.1 ± 6.9 | 0.169 |
| ASA physical status | 0.383 | ||
| 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| 2 | 42 (47.7%) | 35 (38.5%) | 0.211 |
| 3 | 44 (50.0%) | 52 (57.1%) | 0.338 |
| 4 | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (4.4%) | 0.430 |
| Factors influencing column anatomy | 0.005 | ||
| None | 32 (36.4%) | 16 (17.6%) | 0.005 |
| Scoliosis | 56 (63.6%) | 75 (82.4%) | 0.005 |
| Previous spinal surgery | 6 (6.8%) | 11 (12.1%) | 0.229 |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 33 (37.5%) | 56 (61.5%) | 0.001 |
| Type of surgery | 0.686 | ||
| THR | 12 (13.6%) | 11 (12.1%) | 0.757 |
| TKA | 31 (35.2%) | 26 (28.6%) | 0.339 |
| rTKA | 36 (40.9%) | 41 (45.1%) | 0.575 |
| Ankle or foot surgery | 9 (10.2%) | 13 (14.3%) | 0.408 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 87.3 ± 19.4 | 88.5 ± 20.6 | 0.702 |