AKT\PKB	protein kinase B
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
ASK	Apoptosis Signal Regulating Kinase
Cdkal1	CDK5 Regulatory Subunit Associated Protein 1-like 1
COX	cytochrome c oxidase
CHOP	Human Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins
CS	citrate synthase
Cyt c	cytochrome c
ETC	electron transport chain
G6Pase	glucose-6-phosphatase
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GlUT	glucose transporter
GS	glutamine synthetase
GSK	glycogen synthase kinase
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HIF-1α	hypoxia inducible factor-1
IDE	insulin-degrading enzymes
IGF-R	IGF receptor
InR	insulin receptor
IRP2	iron regulatory protein 2
KGDHC	α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
MnP	Mn porphyrin
MnSOD	manganese superoxide dismutase
MT	metallothionein
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NF-κB	NF-kappa B
OGG1	recombinant oxoguanine glycosylase 1
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PCK1	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PDHC	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PDK1	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1
PFK1	phosphofructokinase 1
PGK1	phosphoglycerate kinase 1
Pi3K	phosphatidylinositol3-kinase
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin
PTPase	protein tyrosine phosphatase
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SDH	succinate dehydrogenase
SNAP25	synaptosomal associated protein 25
SYT7	synaptotagmin 7
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TCA cycle	tricarboxylic acids cycle
TORC1	target of rapamycin complex 1
TRARG1	GLUT4-1 trafficking regulator 1
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
ZnT	zinc transporter