Table 2.
Characteristics of DNA base editors used for superbug genome editing.
| DNA Base Editors | Cas Nuclease | PAM | Editing Window | Delivery Method | Use for Superbugs | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytosine base editors | ||||||
| BE1 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | Plasmid | Yes | [65] |
| BE2 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | Plasmid | Yes | [66] |
| BE3 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | AVV, Plasmid, RNP | Yes | [66] |
| BE3 | SaCas9 | NNGRRT | 3–12 | Electroporation | Yes | [67] |
| KKH-BE3 | SpCas9 | NNNRRT | 3–12 | AAV | Yes | [67] |
| ea3a-BE3 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | Lentivirus | Not listed | [68] |
| BE3-VQR | SpCas9 | NGAN | 4–11 | mRNA | Not listed | [68] |
| BE3-VRER | SpCas9 | NGCG | 3–10 | AAV | Not listed | [68] |
| BE3-YEE | SpCas9 | NGG | 5–6 | AAV | Yes | [69,70] |
| BE3-YE1 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–7 | Plasmid | Yes | [69,70] |
| BE3-YE2 | SpCas9 | 5–6 | Yes | [69,70] | ||
| BE4 | SpCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | Plasmid, RNP | Yes | [71,72,73,74,75] |
| BE4 | SaCas9 | 3–12 | Plasmid | Yes | [71,72,73,74,75] | |
| BE4-max | SauriCas9 | NNGG | 6–9 | AAV | Not listed | [76] |
| Target-AID | SpCas9-NG | NG | 2–4 | Lentivirus | Yes | [77] |
| Target-AID | SpCas9 | NGG | 2–4 | Lentivirus | Yes | [78] |
| Target-AID | dCas9 | NGG | 13–17 | Plasmid | Yes | [79] |
| BE-Cpf1 | Cas12a | TTTV | 8–13 | Plasmid | Yes | [80,81,82] |
| Adenine base editors | ||||||
| ABE7.8 | - | CCG | 4–9 | Plasmid | Yes | [83,84] |
| ABE7.9 | Cas9 | NGG | 4–9 | Plasmid | Yes | [83,84] |
| ABE7.10 | ScCas9 | NGG | 4–8 | AVV | Yes | [83,84] |
| ABE7.10 | SpCas9D10A | NGA | 4–8 | Plasmid | Yes | [77] |
| ABE8e | SaCas9/Cas12a | - | 4–8 | RNP | Yes | [85] |