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. 2023 Sep 30;11(10):2466. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102466

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of probiotics on expression of genes in the liver. Expression of genes related to (A) lipogenesis, (B) β-oxidation, (C) inflammation, and (D) fibrosis is shown. Results are presented as the mean ± SD. Significant differences are indicated as ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, and ^### p < 0.001 compared with the normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the NAFLD diet group; and ^† p < 0.05, ^†† p < 0.01, and ^††† p < 0.001 between the probiotic groups. NID, NAFLD-induced diet; MFN, metformin; LP158, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP158; HY7804, Lactobacillus helveticus HY7804; LPC226, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC226.