Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| TRE | CR | Control | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Age (year) | 44 ± 12 | 44 ± 9 | 44 ± 13 |
| Sex, no. (%) | |||
| Female | 25 (83%) | 24 (80%) | 25 (83%) |
| Male | 5 (17%) | 6 (20%) | 5 (17%) |
| Race or ethnic group, no. (%) | |||
| Black | 11 (37%) | 9 (30%) | 10 (33%) |
| Asian | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hispanic | 13 (43%) | 11 (37%) | 17 (57%) |
| White | 3 (10%) | 7 (23%) | 3 (10%) |
| Body weight and composition | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 100 ± 17 | 102 ± 18 | 102 ± 17 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 46 ± 11 | 47 ± 11 | 47 ± 10 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 50 ± 10 | 50 ± 9 | 51 ± 8 |
| Visceral fat mass (kg) | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 109 ± 13 | 110 ± 14 | 110 ± 13 |
| Height (cm) | 164 ± 9 | 166 ± 9 | 165 ± 7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37 ± 6 | 37 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 |
| Physical activity (steps/day) | 6465 ± 2653 | 6627 ± 2842 | 6424 ± 2302 |
| Mood | |||
| BDI-II, depression score | 15 ± 8 | 12 ± 12 | 10 ± 8 |
| POMS, tension | 3 ± 3 | 2 ± 3 | 4 ± 5 |
| POMS, depression | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 5 | 1 ± 2 |
| POMS, anger | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 4 | 1 ± 2 |
| POMS, fatigue | 3 ± 3 | 3 ± 5 | 3 ± 4 |
| POMS, vigor (good mood) | 7 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 9 ± 5 |
| POMS, confusion | 2 ± 3 | 2 ± 3 | 2 ± 2 |
| POMS, total mood disturbance score | −14 ± 3 | −10 ± 24 | −18 ± 14 |
| Quality of Life | |||
| SF-36, vitality | 54 ± 19 | 60 ± 21 | 64 ± 19 |
| SF-36, mental health | 74 ± 16 | 77 ± 19 | 80 ± 14 |
| SF-36, bodily pain | 72 ± 24 | 81 ± 17 | 82 ± 24 |
| SF-36, general physical health | 62 ± 18 | 62 ± 23 | 66 ± 18 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. BMI: body mass index; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory II; CR: calorie restriction; POMS: Profile of Mood States; SF-36: Rand 36-Item Short Form; TRE: time-restricted eating.