Figure 3.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of CS. (A) The common strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of homogeneous chondroitin polymers (1–4); chemoenzymatic synthetic method for chondroitin derivatives (3–8); chemical synthesis of N-sulfonated CH polymers (8–9) [82] (copyright © 2023, Elsevier). (B) Two-step biological strategy of biosynthesis for producing CS in vivo and in vitro [83] (copyright © 2023, Wiley Periodicals Inc).
