Figure 4.
(A) Metabolic pathways for the synthesis of fructosylated and defructosylated chondroitin in E. coli K4, P. multocida type F, and non-native producer B. subtilis [91] (copyright © 2023, Portland Press). (B) Schematic diagram of chondroitin sulfate A synthesis in engineered P. pastoris [11] (copyright © 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry).
