Table 2.

Clinical trials on DNA–topoisomerase inhibitors (clinicaltrials.gov, accessed on 17 August 2023).

Sl.	Drug	Class	Mechanism/Target	Study Phase	NCT Number
1	Indenoisoquinolines 15, 16, 17	Non-camptothecin type I inhibitors	Stabilize DNA–topoisomerase cleavage complex, preferential DNA cleavage sites	Phase 1	NCT-01794104
2	Namitecan (ST1968)	Topoisomerase I inhibitor	Inhibits topoisomerase I, demonstrated anti-tumor activity	Phase 1	Not specified
3	Vosaroxin	Anti-cancer quinolone derivative (AQD)	Targets type II topoisomerases, induces DNA damage and apoptosis	Phase 2	NCT-02658487
4	Cytarabine	Nucleoside analogue	Incorporates into DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis	Phase 2	NCT-02658487
5	CRLX101	Camptothecin nanoparticle conjugate	Increases tumor cell exposure to camptothecin, tumor-specific targeting	Phase 2	NCT-01380769
6	Pixantrone	Anthracenedione	Induces DNA damage, anti-tumor activity	Phase 3	NCT-01321541
7	Aldoxorubicin	Pro-drug of doxorubicin	Delivers doxorubicin directly to tumor tissue	Phase 3	NCT-02049905
8	Silatecan	Silicon-containing camptothecin derivative	Inhibits topoisomerase I, being evaluated for gliosarcoma	Phase 2	NCT-01124539
9	Becatecarin	Rebeccamycin analogue	Dual topoisomerase I and II poison, clinical development ceased	Phase 2	NCT-00132600
10	Edotecarin	Rebeccamycin analogue	Dual topoisomerase I and II poison, clinical development ceased	Phase 2	NCT-02310763