Figure 1.

A ketogenic diet exacerbated L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. (A) Scheme of L-arginine-induced pancreatitis in KD-fed mice. (B) Body weight for SD and KD-fed mice. (C) Beta-OHB in serum in SD and KD groups. (D) H&E staining and TEM sections of pancreatic tissue. (D’) Histology score of H&E staining assessed according to Schmidt’s criteria (p > 0.05 by Mann–Whitney test). (E) Macroscopic view of fatty necrosis. (F) Amylase, lipase, and LBP measurement. (G) SOD and MDA in pancreatic tissue to assess oxidative stress levels. (H) Cytokines in serum. (I) Chemokines in serum. (J) immunofluorescence sections and the expression levels of tight junction protein (Zo-1 and occludin both in green) in colonic tissue. All data were shown with mean ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.