Table 2.

A compilation of recent studies of phages with broad host range. According to the authors, these include both effective against different strains of the same species [A] and effective against different species of bacteria [B] in the treatment of the MDR bacterial diseases listed in the table.

No.	Phage/s	Host Strain	Against	Effectiveness	Description/ Remarks	Reference
In vitro
1.	vB_EcoM_LNA1 (A1)	E. coli K12 MG1655 w/RP4 plasmid	E. coli K12 MG1655 w/RP4 plasmid, E. coli K12 MG1655 w/pMS6198A plasmid, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) S79EC, UPEC S129EC	Phage exhibited broad host range recognition and strong infectivity against UPEC strains as demonstrated by a large burst size and extended bacterial growth suppression.	[A]	[61]
2.	SHWT1	Salmonella pullorum	MDR Salmonella (S. Pullorum, Salmonella Gallinarum, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, Salmonella Derby, Salmonella London, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Paratyphi B)	Phage had a short latent period (5 min) and an average burst size of 146.6 ± 10.8 PFUs/cell. It retained lytic activity for at least 60 min at temperatures ranging between 4 and 65 °C and remained stable at pH 3 to 12.	[A]	[47]
3.	JD419	S. aureus	MDR clinical S. aureus strains	A temperate phage that is stable at pH 6 to 8 and below 50 °C. Rapid replication and lysis of host strains were observed. No virulence or antibiotic resistance genes.	[A]	[62]
4.	AP025 and AP006	P. aeruginosa PAO1/ P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 /clinical isolate	MDR P. aeruginosa	AP025 and AP006 phages exhibited a good infectivity rate (host range infectivity) of 39% and 30%, respectively, against MDR strains.	[A]	[98]
5.	AP22	A. baumannii	Genotype-varying MDR clinical A. baumannii strains	Phage exhibits rapid adsorption (>99% adsorbed in 5 min), a large burst size (240 PFU per cell), and stability in a wide range of pH. Infect and lyse 68% of MDR A. baumannii.	[A]	[99]
6.	C11S1A	E. coli	MDR E. coli in East Africa	Phage killed all 23 E. coli strains. Highly efficacious at 37 °C and pH 7.4.	[A]	[100]
7.	ΦSER1	Serratia	E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Citrobacter spp., MDR Pseudomonas	85% effectiveness in terms of host range when compared with other phages.	[B]	[65]
In vivo
8.	SHWT1	S. pullorum	MDR S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium	Reduced mice mortality when phage treatment was introduced. Survival rate of S. Enteritidis infection: 40% Survival rate of S. Typhimurium infection: 80%.	[A]	[47]
9.	AP025 and AP006	P. aeruginosa PAO1/P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 /clinical isolate	MDR P. aeruginosa	A single dose of phages at higher concentrations, bacteria:phages at 1:10 and 1:100 were effective in eliminating bloodstream infection and achieving 100% mice survival.	[A]	[101]
10.	PAK-P3 and P3-CHA	P. aeruginosa	MDR P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis strains	A curative treatment (one single dose) administered 2 h after the onset of the infection allowed over 95% survival. A four-day preventive treatment (one single dose) resulted in 100% survival.	[A]	[63]
11.	øKp_Pokalde_002	K. pneumoniae	Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (Kp56)	Bacterial count significantly decreased in blood and other organs after 24 h of phage administration. Phage exhibited rapid clearance and did not stimulate proinflammatory cytokines. There is also a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines caused by bacterial infection, reducing tissue inflammation.	[A]	[102]
Case reports
12.	Cocktail III (Kp152, Kp154, Kp155, Kp164, Kp6377, and HD001)	K. pneumonia	Extensively drug-resistant K. pneumonia (ERKp) in UTI	Phage-resistant mutants emerged when Cocktails I and II were used. After phage therapy (Cocktail III) combined with non-active antibiotics treatment, the patient’s pathogenic ERKp was completely eliminated and there are no recurrent UTI symptoms. No signs of recurrence for 6 months of follow-up.	[A]	[97]