. 2023 Oct 23;15(20):4489. doi: 10.3390/nu15204489

Table 3.

Results of subgroup analysis on the glucose-lowering effect based on exercise duration, exercise timing post-meal, and the disease status of participants.

Factors	Subgroup Categories	Postprandial Glucose AUC			24 h Mean Glucose Levels
		Hedges’ g (PPE vs. CON)	Test for Subgroup Homogeneity		Hedges’ g (PPE vs. CON)	Test for Subgroup Homogeneity
		Hedges’ g (PPE vs. CON)	Chi-Square Q-Statistic	p Value	Hedges’ g (PPE vs. CON)	Chi-Square Q-Statistic	p Value
Exercise Duration	≤30 min	−0.209	4.361	0.037 *	−0.225	1.994	0.158
Exercise Duration	>30 min	−0.450	4.361	0.037 *	−0.401	1.994	0.158
Exercise Timing Post-Meal	<60 min	−0.331	0.044	0.833	−0.163	4.463	0.035 *
Exercise Timing Post-Meal	≥60 min	−0.307	0.044	0.833	−0.430	4.463	0.035 *
Disease Status of Participants	Without T2DM	−0.239	1.194	0.275	−0.126	4.104	0.043 *
Disease Status of Participants	With T2DM	−0.368	1.194	0.275	−0.405	4.104	0.043 *

Note: * Significantly different between the two subgroups (p < 0.05).